what is supercomputer and when was it built?
what is supercomputer? a supercomputeris a computer that has a much higher capacity to function than a common computer. that is why the word "super" is used in it. these computers are used because of their high-performance systems. such computers have been used mainly for scientific and engineering works which require highly high speed calculation.
they processing speed thousands of times more fast than all other normal computers. here today, in this article, we will learn about what supercomputerscall, how it works and what it advantages, compared to the rest of the traditional computer.
so let's start without delay and get complete information about what happens to the supercomputer.
What supercomputers are called – What is Supercomputer in Hindi
before we know what a supercomputer is, if we know what the computer is, we will find it a little easier to understand. speaking of a computer, it is a general-purpose machine that takes information (data) through input process, store them and then process them as needed, and creates some kind of output finally.
The same thing if I talk about a Supercomputer, it is not only a fast and a very big computer: but it works completely differently, it uses typically parallel processing instead of serial processing as used in a ordinary computer. So it does multiple work at a time instead of doing one thing at a time.
a supercomputer is a computer that perform currently most highest operational rate. this is called the supercomputer in hindi. after all, is a supercomputer said use?
Traditionally, most of the supercomputers is used to scientific and engineering applications so that they can handle large databases as well as computational operation in large quantities. Performance wise it fast thousands of times the normal computers and works accurate.
Supercomputer performance is measured in FLOPS, which means floating-point operations per second. So the more FLOPS the computer, the more powerful it will be.
What happens Supercomputing?
Supercomputing is a form of high-performance computing that determines or calculates a powerful computer, using a supercomputer. Also, the end result can be found in less than the time possible by its use.
What is Serial and Parallel Processing?
Let's know what is the difference between Serial and Parallel Processing? One work is done at a time in one ordinary computer, meaning that another work is process only after one work is finished, such processing is called Serial Processing.
for example, a man is sitting in the grocery checkout of a retail mall and pick whatever goods come to the conveyor belt and scan it with scanner and pass it in the bag of customer, it does the work in a distinct series of operation so it is called series processing.
No matter how quickly you put things in conveyor belt or fill your bag after scan things, the speed of this process depends on the scanning speed or processing of that operator, and which is always a item at a time. Its best example is Turing machine.
he works with a typical modern supercomputer very speed for which he split problem into small pieces and works in one piece at a time. that's why this process is called parallel processing.
If a lot of friends in the same grocery checkout share items and checkout together in different counter and then collect everything in one place, it will soon work and will not take much time. Since the work was divided here, it didn't take long to processing. That's why Parallel Processing is much more fast than Serial Processing.
Use the largest and powerful supercomputers parallel processing. This will enable them to fast any process and in a short time. When it comes to large and complex such as weather forecasting (weather forecast), gene synthesis, mathematical modeling, etc., we need to computing power in the right tore. In such a situation, Supercomputer is more useful than parallel processing. Generally, there are mainly two parallel processing approaches: Symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) and Massively parallel processing (MPP).
What is Clusters?
you can create a supercomputer for which you need to put a lot of processors in a giant box and instruct them to solve complex problem for which they can use parallel processing.
Or there's another way in which you have to buy a lot of off-the-self PCs and put them in the same room, with which they have to interconnect with each other with the help of a fast local area network (LAN) so that they broadly work the same way. This type of supercomputer is called Cluster. Google uses these cluster supercomputer for the web searches of your users in your data centers.
What is Grid?
Grid is also a supercomputer which is very similar like a cluster (a group of separate computers), but computers are in different places connected through Internet (or any other computer network) with each other. This type of computing is also called distributed computing, in exchange for a single place (centralized computing) in which the power of computer is spread in multiple locations.
For example, CERN Worldwide LHC Computing Grid, in which data from the LHC (Large Hadron Collider) particle accelerator is assemble in one place, uses grid supercomputer.
Grids Supercomputer are less chances being more failure, since all computers are connected with each other, they relieve problems with parallel processing, where break up is common.
Which Operating System is used in Supercomputers?
You may be surprised to know that ordinary operating systems is used to run supercomputers that we run our PC, but we know that more modern supercomputer actual have cluster off-the-self comouters and workstations.
Until a few years ago, Unix was used according to operating system, and now Linux is used in return. Which is open-source. Since they work on supercomputers generally scientific problems, their application programs are written in traditional scientific programming languages such as Fortran, or more popular modern languages, such as C and C++.
supercomputer specialty
MIPS (million instructions per second) is used to measure their computing speed when it comes to normal computers. By which fundamental programming commands such as read, write, store etc. are manage by processor. Their MIPS are compare to compare two computers.
But the way Supercomputers rate is a little different. Since most scientific calculations are done, they are measured by floating point operations per second (FLOPS). Let's look at the list created according to this FLOPS.
supercomputer price
supercomputers cost very high. supercomputers manufactured by nec in-house usually take price tags for millions of dollars, even the lower-end model is priced at around $100,000.
when was the supercomputer invented?
If you ignore the history of Computers, you will find that not a single individual has contributed to it, but many people have contributed from time to time. It was only then that we saw such amazing machines. But where it comes to SuperComputer, a great credit goes to Seymour Cray (1925–1996). Because their contribution is the highest in Supercomputer. You can also call them the fathers of supercomputers.
946: John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert had construct in ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer), University of Pennsylvania. This was the first general-purpose, electronic computer, it was about 25m (80 feet) long and about 30 tons weight. It was designed to operate military-scientific problems and was the first scientific supercomputer.
1953: IBM was the first general-purpose mainframe computer develop, called IBM 701 (also known as Defense Calculator), and about 20 machines were sold to different government and military agencies. This 701 was the first off-the-shelf supercomputer. A engineer Gene Amdahl from the IBM later redesign it and its upgraded version was named IBM 704, a machine that computing speed about 5 KFLOPS (5,000 FLOPS).
1956: IBM then develop Stretch supercomputer to Los Alamos National Laboratory. It was the world's most fastest supercomputer for nearly 10 years.
1957: Seymour Cray did co-found this year Control Data Corporation (CDC) and those who pioneer fast, transistorized, high-performance computers, with CDC 1604 (announced 1958) and 6600 (released 1964) leading the way, who seriously challenge over the mainframe computing on the dominance of IBM.
1972: Cray left Control Data and established his own Cray Research and created high-end computers— the first true supercomputer. They main idea how to reduce the connections within the machine to increase the speed of the machines. Earlier Cray computers were often C-shaped to keep them separate from others.
1976: The first Cray-1 supercomputer was install in Los Alamos National Laboratory. It was then speed about 160 MFLOPS.
1979: Cray again develop faster model, which had eight-processor, 1.9 GFLOP Cray-2. It reduced wire connections from 120 cm to 41cm (16 inches) as compared to earlier.
1983: Thinking Machines Corporation then manufacture the massively parallel Connection Machine, using about 64,000 parallel processors.
1989: Seymour Cray then establish Cray Computer ed a new company, where he develop Cray-3 and Cray-4.
1990: Being cut in Defense spending and evolve powerful RISC workstations, by Silicon Graphics like companies, it was making a serious threat above the supercomputer makers.
1993: Fujitsu Numerical Wind Tunnel made the world's most fastest computer with the use of 166 vector processors.
1994: Thinking Machines case file for bankruptcy protection.
1995: Cray Computer also started drowning in financial difficulties, so they case file bankruptcy protection, and suddenly Seymour Cray died in a road accident October 5, 1996.
1996: Cray Research (Cray's original company) was purchase by Silicon Graphics.
1997: ASCI Red, a supercomputer that Intel made from Pentium processors and made by Sandia National Laboratories, supercomputer the world's first teraflop (TFLOP).
1997: IBM's Deep Blue supercomputer defeated Gary Kasparov in the chess game.
2008: Jaguar supercomputer, created by Cray Research and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, became the world's first petaflop (PFLOP) scientific supercomputer. Who were later overtaken by the machines of Japan and China.
2011–2013: Jaguar was upgrade extensively (and expensively), and was named Titan, and later became the world's most fastest supercomputer, which was later lowered by Chinese machine Tianhe-2.
2014: Mont-Blanc, a European consortium who announce that he was going to make a exaflop (1018 FLOP) supercomputer energy efficient smartphone and tablet processors.
2017: Chinese scientists announce that they are making a exaflop supercomputer prototype that based above Tianhe-2.
2018: China is at the forefront of the race of fastest supercomputers in the present times, the gay Sunway TaihuLight he has created is now the fastest running Supercomputer in the world.
From the world's Top 5 Fastest Supercomputers corners?
In all countries, there is a lot of competition about computing power, that the corners can be at the forefront, but the top has the same place. Peak performance always changes in Supercomputing. Even definition of supercomputer, it is written that it is a machine that always works in its highest operational rate."
Having Competition makes supercomputing more interesting, making scientists and engineers always continue their research above the best computational speed. So let's know top 5 supercomputers of the world are from the cone.
name of india's supercomputer
Do you know when India's first supercomputer Param 8000 was launched? It was launched in India in 1991. Our country has some supercomputers in India as well. Let's know the name of India's supercomputer.
how many supercomputers are there in india?
there are more than 40 supercomputers available in india.
which is the fastest supercomputer in india?
"PARAM SIDDHI AI" IS INDIA'S FASTEST SUPERCOMPUTER.
which is the first supercomputer of india?
PARAM 8000 supercomputers,it was India's first supercomputer. It was built by India itself.
what you learned today
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